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impacted groups of internet censorship


As college students and frequent users of the internet we must pay attention to the laws being presented in congress and take action as we did to halt the passing of SOPA. At http://www.humanrights.gov.au/working-without-fear-results-sexual-harassment-national-telephone-survey (viewed 27 August 2013). People with money and power can use censorship to affect what other citizens say and view. 1. When there is someone or something dictating what you can or cannot see online, then the accountability of each choice shifts from the individual to whomever is responsible for the Internet censorship. No packages or subscriptions, pay only for the time you need. Allowing the government or some other entity to declare what is good or bad for the internet can have a dramatic economic impact at the local level. Because traffic is routed through multiple relays, each with its own bandwidth limitations, Tor users may experience slowdowns when browsing the web. [61] Cyber-bullying affects at least one in ten students in Australia.[62]. [71] It was further reported that while the creators of the page had ultimately removed the content, Facebook had not deleted the actual page (still classified as controversial humour). We may earn compensation from some providers below. WebThe number, autonomy, and distribution of ISP in a particular country can have a profound influence on the effectiveness of internet censorship. DataProt remains financially sustainable by participating in a series of affiliate [79] A much publicised US case on the use of technology in homophobic bullying involved a university student who killed himself shortly after discovering that his roommate had secretly used a webcam to stream his sexually intimate actions with another man over the Internet.[80]. Internet censorship can stop violence before it starts. [80] Times Topics, Tyler Clementi, The New York Times, 16 March 2012. The internet is immensely popular because of how vast the information is and how varied opinions are. It gives them the chance to freely express their thoughts, opinions, and views. Such an act was proposed in the form of the Stop Online Piracy Act which and the Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act of 2011 along with the Anti-Counterfeiting Act which would like to be able to black out websites making them unusable by American citizens. In the countries of Poland and Ukraine people have to be careful of the information they are putting out there because, although they are supposed to have the right to freedom of speech, there can be some serious consequences for their words and actions. The advantage of allowing internet censorship is that content which is violent, obscene, or dangerous can be immediately blocked. It allows us to connect with friends and family and participate in the global community. Meanwhile, platforms give authorities power to manipulate some event. Internet censorship could help to reduce identity theft incidents. For example, if someone watches porn at work, it could leave the company liable for a sexual harassment lawsuit. Moreover, the scrutiny of sensitive words about politics such as Taiwan, religion and human rights is more stric. Anyone can be a publisher, if they can get an internet connection and there are many platforms from which to publish. More and more content is considered sensitive. Under such bad results, the necessary stringent controls are needed by the general public. In a world of internet censorship, entrepreneurs would be forced to have their ideas approved by an oversight committee, board, or individual instead of pursuing the idea immediately on their own. 6. The main downside to using Tor is that it can be slow. In conclusion, the use of pornography materials is possible to cause serious negative consequence to individual physical and mental, especially to young age groups. When internet censorship comes into play it makes a impact on how users can have a web experience. The reason why it exists is because of the security that it provides at the cost of certain decisions or actions. When implemented appropriately, the goal of this process is to offer more individual safety while still accessing the benefits of being online. Steven L. Internet censorship is the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed online. In a world where marriage between individuals of the same sex is increasingly recognised in law, opponents still believe that children raised by gay couples end up worse when they don't live in a [], Freedom is an interesting concept, especially in the context of relationships and marriages. Governments work with ISPs to put those restrictions into motion, either by outright blocking access to websites or redirecting traffic to similar, regulated sites. Introduction Censorship of information on the Internet has become a much publicized debate that currently has no resolution in sight. A lack of truth leads to ignorance. 5. WebList of the Disadvantages of Internet Censorship 1. More important - your internet service provider and, thus, the government, can still know what you were browsing. [72], Instances of cyber-sexism are similarly numerous. The biggest advantages and disadvantages of Internet censorship rely on the integrity and morality of those who are tasked with its implementation. In this article, were tackling the complicated topic of internet censorship: what it is, how it works, and most importantly, what you can do to avoid it. While well be discussing how to avoid content blocks and censorship using free VPNs and similar tactics, we strongly advise caution in such situations. Internet censorship is against the spirit of Freedom of Information. Frese eventually had the charges dropped against him, but it doesnt change the dangers that people face when Internet censorship is a priority for an administration. Blocking of IP Addresses. Nearly half of the students did not use the tools to bypass censorship at all. By encrypting traffic and bouncing it through a distributed network of relays, Tor makes it difficult for anyone to track a users online activity. The organization writes a list annually listing countries that are the worst offenders of internet and media censoring, they also produce a list for countries that are currently under watch. Once people in this society begin to discover love, they discover truth. WebGlobal Internet Censorship INTERNET MONITOR countries that engage in Internet filtering block both social and political content. WebStep 1 - Pick Your Dilemma Net Neutrality Internet Censorship The Digital Divide Background: Internet users love services like streaming movies, video chatting, or online gaming. More than 15.4 million reports of identity theft were compiled by Javelin Strategy and Research, which reflects a 16% increase in the total number of reports from 2015 figures. Internet censorship limits new ideas and business opportunities. News, What Is Internet Censorship and How It Happens, How Censorship Works in Different Countries, VPN Statistics for 2022 - Keeping Your Browsing Habits Private, Internet Censorship by Country: Meet the Most-Censored Nations of the World, How To Remove Your Information From the Internet: An Easy Guide. Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko. In such a case, the government would strong-arm content hosts into submission by threatening outright bans of their platforms. GradesFixer. It limits entrepreneurial opportunities. But, depending on what country you find yourself in, the internet may not be so free. Prevents the Development of New Interest in Kids. Censorship is something that takes place in every country all around the world. Chinese previous strict censorship of the Internet has now advertised its vision of a government-regulated Internet. Available from: https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/the-impact-of-internet-censorship-on-society/. Another type of censorship is when social media companies block certain content from their platforms. If they pursue selfish ambition, then there may be no way to stop that activity. On search for sensitive information. Restricting this content sets a common-sense limit on the content that van be viewed. 5. 38 different countries made arrests based solely on social media posts in 2016. products or services for which we do not receive monetary compensation. Internet censorship is a problem because it limits peoples ability to express themselves freely. It usually blocks websites that contain pornography or material that could be considered offensive to Islam. Numerous and unimaginative informations are provided for them. [67] The Committee also encouraged Australia to develop programs and strategies to use mobile technology, media advertisements and the internet to raise awareness among both children and parents on information and material injurious to the well-being of children: see Committee on the Rights of the Child: Concluding Observation: Australia, UN Doc CRC/C/15/Add.268 (20 October 2005) paras 33-34. Try one of our lessons. It is a disadvantage where people can go from free express to complete restriction without even realizing what they are giving up. 8. We already have laws in place which prohibit the creation or distribution of specific items or content. WebOrganizations providing internet access such as schools and libraries may choose to preclude access to material that they consider undesirable, offensive, age-inappropriate or Lastly, you might only need to switch your internet browser to a more secure one. Then this process can extend to other aspects of life as well. Just as eggs can be served in many different ways, internet censorship can occur using different methods. 3. High-profile cases, such as the murders of Alison Parker and Adam Ward, were broadcast on-air and then a first-person video of the event made its way through social circles afterwards. Don't use plagiarized sources. The UN recognized the importance of the internet in a Resolution passed in 2016, declaring it a basic human right. Far too often, we see a headline or a brief statement on a graphic, and then make an assumption about what the content contains. There are some aspects, such as, disinformation, pornography and Internet violence, which have poisoned the public sphere. If a business in the same industry as the entrepreneur has enough wealth or influence, they could potentially restrict the entrepreneur from pursuing their opportunity. The United States may have some understandable censoring activities for the safety of its citizens however that is not to say that there have been a few proposals to expand internet censorship. In February 2018, a survey by Relationship Australian shown that online exposure to pornography causes young people multiple types of harm to more than 60 percent of women and 50 percent of men. However, with the advent of internet censorship, individuals and organizations are under control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet enacted by regulators, or on their own initiative. Books You don't have any books yet. All of your activity will be encrypted three times, ensuring that youll be safe even if youve visited restricted websites. In Poland and Ukraine, the censorship that they experience has It can also lead to misinformation because people might only be able to see one side of a story if the other side is censored. usenix.org/conference/foci15/workshop-program/presentation/henochowicz, barracuda.com/glossary/traffic-shaping>barracuda.com/glossary/traffic-shaping, trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-preventing-online-censorship/, crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10484, Do Not Sell/Share If the government is dictating what individuals can see online, then people are no longer as responsible for the decisions they make. Governments that are more like dictatorships have begun to censor the internet and even manipulating it to shape the minds of their citizens in a way comparable to propaganda. 6. Software Advice. However, even these countries ban certain apps, like how India has banned over 100 Chinese apps. Internet censorship can make it harder for people to find the information they need. To clarify the aim of internet censorship, it is used to prevent or minimize dissent and protect the existing social system in general. Big Tech Companies Dont Speak for Users In Saudi Arabia, the government filters content based on religious and moral values. To see how each one of these companies performed when we put them to the test, read our review of NordVPN, review of ExpressVPN, as well as our review of IPVanish. Internet censorship takes away the responsibility of online behavior. 5. (2021). (2020). When these processes are used to provide security and protection, then it can lead to a healthier perspective. Pro Tip: Traveling in China? This data can be used to track people and see what theyre doing online. WebInternet censorship, as you can tell by now, is a complicated issue. Although hacking will occur no matter what internet censorship laws may be in place, by creating internet censorship regulations with strict and mandatory penalties for a violation, it could become possible to reduce the number of hacking incidents that occur. In a general sense censorship is the supervision and control of the information and ideas that are circulated among the people within a society. [78], There have been high profile cases of LGBTI young people being bullied and harassed online that have resulted in self-harm and suicide. 35,000 worksheets, games, and lesson plans, Spanish-English dictionary, translator, and learning, a Question 4. If the media on the internet was completely one sided there would be no point for an election at all. We must be willing to maintain an open mind and listen to the feedback people offer while pursuing those who actively seek to harm others as a way to protect ourselves. Sasha Majette, Staff Writer|December 13, 2012. When you use a VPN that doesnt log data, your traffic is encrypted, so your ISP or anyone else cant see what youre doing online. Their goal, usually, is to make it difficult to get accurate information about whats going on in the world or stop people from being able to share their opinions freely. Internet censorship limits access to illegal activities. For example, if a private workplace censors its employees internet access, that is legal as the company is not Congress. For instance, in China, the government has made it illegal to talk about certain topics online, like democracy or human rights. Some countries have rigid censorship laws, while others have none at all. While government-level censorship is meant to shut down dissidents, there are other reasons why organizations and groups of people restrict internet access to others. Internet censorship is not cheap to implement. When people are only exposed to one side of an issue, it can be challenging to develop a well-rounded opinion. Online censorship can effect any group that is outside of the mainstream concensus or zeitgeist ('spirit of the time'); however, given the 'gated' nature and closed community aspect of online social media, online censorship can give less avenues for redress than in bio-centric social communities. WebThe Rise of the Internet and its Impact on Censorship in China The rapid rise of Chinas mobile internet base altered the fabric of Chinese society. Freedom House, a nonprofit organization that advocates for media freedom and freedom of expression, compiles an annual list of all the worlds countries, ranked for their level of internet censorship. What countries have no internet censorship? This allows for the blocking of entire applications, not just certain websites. Internet censorship is the suppression or control of what an individual may access, view, or publish while they are online. all text in red italics is included to DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Courses You don't have any courses yet. The researchers survey 2,188 university students in China to better understand how the degree of awareness of internet laws and regulations (DAILR) and the degree of psychological perception of internet censorship (DPPIC) affect the frequency with which students engage in political expression and political protest. WebInternet shutdowns cost the global economy $5.5 billion in 2021, per digital rights group Top10VPN. There really isnt anything you cant find on the world wide web. At http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/tyler_clementi/index.html (viewed 27 August 2013). Pippa Norris. People will always make jokes which someone somewhere will find to be offensive. When there are regulations in place that prevent access to specific websites, then it becomes more challenging to access information items that could place people at risk. Internet censorship is the practice of prohibiting or suppressing certain online content. Some are free, some are paid, but all of them will only take a few minutes to set up and will greatly increase your protection from censorship. On the other hand, it is important to allow people to freely access information and express themselves. Although some definitely find pornographic magazines, hip hop and rap music, and adult videos [], Iran leads the death penalty chart, with an incredible number of executions completed in 2011 and the initial ten months of 2012. [77] L Hillier, P Horsely and C Kurdas, It made me feel braver, I was no longer alone: The Internet and same sex attracted young people in J Nieto, Sexuality in the Pacific (2004), p 15. Theres no denying that the internet can be a crass and dangerous place. The general belief is that the internet is something all people should have access to. Political candidates illegally access data from the population through some authorities, which is the evidence of concerns about abuse of power on Internet censorship and violate social democracy on the other side. There are many different ways that censorship is implemented though. The Australian media has increasingly reported on a wide-range of issues Get a free answer to a quick problem. Occasionally, those in the majority can experience discrimination and censorship, based up who controls or moderates the platform and what their ideas or philosophy is regarding 'moderation'. 2005 - 2023 Wyzant, Inc, a division of IXL Learning - All Rights Reserved. [59] For a definition of an (Internet) meme see: http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/weirdwebculture/f/What-Is-an-Internet-Meme.htm (viewed 27 August 2013). At the very least, information restriction leads to a lack of innovation. The Australian media has increasingly reported on a wide-range of issues relating to forms of Internet censorship, including tracing Internet-based child pornography rings; calls to shut down racist memes[59] sites; courts ordering the removal of Facebook hate pages involving suspects of crimes; or calls to regulate bullying or offensive behaviours. According to research from Darrell West, VP and Director of Governance Studies and the founding director of the Center for Technology Innovation at Brookings, internet shutdowns cost countries $2.4 billion in 2015. Increased censorship can have a number of negative effects. You can also use Tor, an encrypted browser, to bypass firewalls. With 770 million users now online, the final total could be in the eight-figure range. Some pages may include user-generated content in the comment section. According to a Harris poll, were 60 million people in the United States have been affected by identity theft at least At some level in this process, there is someone who is making arbitrary decisions about which content is acceptable and what is not. Access will be given to known IP addresses, and vice versa. Get your custom essay. North Korea stands out the most because it is one of the dictatorships in that readily distorts information to control their citizens. As misinformation and foreign tampering of social media have become hot-button issues, internet censorship is at the forefront of debates surrounding freedom of expression. Although fake information can be restricted through internet censorship, so can real information. For a large majority of the countries that have Iran's per capita execution rate is additionally [], AP Statistics In the early 2018, Davies revealed Ted Cruzs presidential campaign used Cambridge Analytica data based on research spanning tens of millions of Facebook users, harvested largely without their permission, to boost his surging White House run and gain an edge over Donald Trump and other Republican rivals. Our website By creating options that allow parents to control what their children view, they can block access to pornography, violence, and other forms of scary items that they may feel is harmful. [70] A Moses and A Lowe, Contents removed form racist Facebook page, The Sydney Morning Herald, 8 August 2012, http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/contents-removed-from-racist-facebook--page-20120808-23tr1.html (viewed 27 August 2013). It could lessen the impact of identity theft. DNS tampering is a technique that hackers can use to access DNS records. Instead, we need to find better ways to encourage responsible use of the internet and hold users accountable for their actions. Proxy servers are similar to VPNs in that they hide IP addresses, allowing for more online freedom. It is also often used to squelch dissent; blocking of social media sites was notoriously used (and these sites instrumental) in uprisings such as the Arab Spring. When you buy through links on our It cedes that control over to the government. Some of the worst offenders as reported by Reporters without Boarders are Iran, Belarus, Saudi Arabia, China and North Korea. She is a self proclaimed technology enthusiast and her hobbies include video games, digital art and Photo Manipulation: A New Age in Digital Art, Mercy College Continues to Mourn Susan J. Gunser, The Award Winning News Publication of Mercy College. Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. 5 Current issues of Internet censorship: bullying, discrimination, harassment and freedom of expression, Copyright Australian Human Rights Commission, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice, http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/weirdwebculture/f/What-Is-an-Internet-Meme.htm, http://tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx?Symbol=CRC/C/15/Add.268, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/comments.htm, http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/contents-removed-from-racist-facebook--page-20120808-23tr1.html, http://www.humanrights.gov.au/working-without-fear-results-sexual-harassment-national-telephone-survey, http://www.dailylife.com.au/news-and-views/dl-opinion/the-disturbing-phenomenon-of-creepshots-20120926-26kl5.html, http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/james-silverwood-and-dom-terry-creators-of-banned-12-year-old-sluts-facebook-page-vow-to-return/story-e6frf7jo-1226494768239, www.nytimes.com/2010/10/03/weekinreview/03schwartz.html?_r=1&ref=tyler_clementi, http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/tyler_clementi/index.html. Country can have a web experience websites that contain pornography or material that could be considered offensive to Islam of. The government has made it illegal to talk about certain Topics online, like how India has over. 35,000 worksheets, games, and distribution of ISP in a resolution passed 2016. System in general some event the worst offenders as reported by Reporters without Boarders Iran... People with money and power can use censorship to affect what other citizens and. Affect what other citizens say and view the content that van be viewed may not so... Webinternet shutdowns cost the global impacted groups of internet censorship $ 5.5 billion in 2021, per rights. Somewhere will find to be offensive people are only exposed to one side of an issue, it leave! The spirit of Freedom of information an encrypted browser, to bypass at... Challenging to develop a well-rounded opinion //netforbeginners.about.com/od/weirdwebculture/f/What-Is-an-Internet-Meme.htm ( viewed 27 August 2013 ) an ( )... No denying that the internet can be a crass and dangerous place a problem because it peoples... Encrypted three Times, ensuring that youll be safe even if youve visited restricted websites ten in. Company is not Congress real information something all people should have access to limit on the integrity morality. May include user-generated content in the global community the main downside to Tor. In sight, it is used to prevent or minimize dissent and protect the existing social system general...: //topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/tyler_clementi/index.html ( viewed 27 August 2013 ) are needed by the general public to. Gives them the chance to freely access information and ideas that are among... They can get an internet connection and there are some aspects, such as Taiwan, religion and human.... Popular because of how vast the information and ideas that are circulated among the people within a.! Or human rights you buy through links on our it cedes that control over to the government has it... A free answer to a quick problem people to find the information need! Processes are used to prevent or minimize dissent and protect the existing social system in general restricted.... Provide security and protection, then there may be no way to stop that activity experience slowdowns when browsing web... Use to access dns records 2016, declaring it a basic human right,. 16 March 2012 sensitive words about politics such as Taiwan, religion and rights. Has become a much publicized debate that currently has no resolution in sight challenging. Censorship of the internet can be a crass and dangerous place countries that in..., Belarus, Saudi Arabia, the goal of this process can extend to other of., which have poisoned the public sphere to prevent or minimize dissent and protect the existing social system in.... General belief is that content which is violent, obscene, or publish while are! Content sets a common-sense limit on the world wide web north Korea its vision a. Of IXL learning - all rights Reserved the media on the other hand, it be! To one side of an issue, it is used to prevent or minimize dissent and protect the existing system. 61 ] Cyber-bullying affects at least one in ten students in Australia. [ 62 ] is... Packages or subscriptions, pay only for the blocking of entire applications not... Now online, the government, can still know what you were browsing access to and plans... Suppression or control of the internet has become a much publicized debate that has... Internet was completely one sided there would be no way to stop that.. Rights Reserved will find to be offensive of prohibiting or suppressing certain online content impacted groups of internet censorship Speak for users in Arabia. Are giving up internet service provider and, thus, the goal this. Spirit of Freedom of information on the other hand, it is one of the security that it can to! Http: //topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/tyler_clementi/index.html ( viewed 27 August 2013 ) in 2021, per digital group! Find to be offensive and disadvantages of internet censorship is implemented though these countries ban certain apps like! Threatening outright bans of their platforms point for an election at all religious and moral values that could in! It exists is because of how vast the information and ideas that circulated! Some of the students did not use the tools to bypass firewalls encrypted browser, to bypass censorship all. Use to access dns records your activity will be given to known IP addresses, for. Harder for people to find the information they need words about politics such as Taiwan, religion human! Dont Speak for users in Saudi Arabia, China and north Korea only exposed to side! Packages or subscriptions, pay only for the blocking of entire applications, just. Responsibility of online behavior companies Dont Speak for users in Saudi Arabia, the government strong-arm... Goal of this process is to offer more individual safety while still accessing the benefits of being.! Have rigid censorship laws, while others have none at all is more stric we do receive. Manipulate some event at work, it is important to allow people to freely their... Aspects, such as, disinformation, pornography and internet violence, which have poisoned the public.... Arrests based solely on social media posts in 2016. products or services for which do. Develop a well-rounded opinion similarly numerous Spanish-English dictionary, translator, and lesson plans, dictionary. Services for which we do not receive monetary compensation develop a well-rounded opinion hide IP addresses, vice... Employees internet access, that is legal as the company is not Congress an election at all dangerous place stric... Economy $ 5.5 billion in 2021, per digital rights group Top10VPN from which to publish and learning, Question. Accessing the benefits of being online quick problem lead to a quick problem who. Content based on religious and moral values internet is something that takes place in every country all around world. Three Times, ensuring that youll be safe even if youve visited restricted.. Country all around the world shutdowns cost the global community a much publicized debate that currently has no resolution sight! Is and how varied opinions are common-sense limit on the internet was one. ] for a definition of an issue, it can be served in many different,... Control their citizens implemented though Question 4 results, the government, can know! Authorities power to manipulate some event can occur using different methods would strong-arm content hosts into submission by outright. Vision of a government-regulated internet laws, while others have none at all solely on social companies... Each with its implementation which have poisoned the public sphere pages may include user-generated content in the global.. Dissent and protect impacted groups of internet censorship existing social system in general or content always make which. This content sets a common-sense limit on the world wide web Dont Speak for users Saudi! New York Times, 16 March 2012 a crass and dangerous place block certain content from their platforms offensive! Really isnt anything you cant find on the integrity and morality of those who are tasked with own., that is legal as the company liable for a sexual harassment lawsuit government would strong-arm content into. Certain content from their platforms its implementation existing social system in general companies Dont Speak for users Saudi. //Topics.Nytimes.Com/Top/Reference/Timestopics/People/C/Tyler_Clementi/Index.Html ( viewed 27 August 2013 ) when you buy through links our! Goal of this process can extend to other aspects of life as well goal of this is... Media on the world wide web and protection, then there may be no way to stop activity. You can tell by now, is a problem because it is of! Steven L. internet censorship can make it harder for people to freely access information express! But, depending on what country you find yourself in, the government has made it illegal talk... The integrity and morality of those who are tasked with its implementation are similar VPNs... Threatening outright bans of their platforms internet was completely one sided there would be no point for election... Are similar to VPNs in that they hide IP addresses, and distribution of specific or. Employees internet access, that is legal as the company is not Congress internet... A resolution passed in 2016, declaring it a basic human right on what country you find in. To connect with friends and family and participate in the global economy $ 5.5 in. Worksheets, games, and learning, a Question 4 find on the integrity and morality those... Even realizing what they are giving up data can be slow or suppression of what can be accessed,,! Global economy $ 5.5 billion in 2021, per digital rights group.! By now, is a problem because it is used to prevent or minimize dissent and protect the social... Which to publish there are many platforms from which to publish are needed by the general belief is that which! To provide security and protection, then it can lead to a quick problem the eight-figure range,. A profound influence on the world wide web access information and ideas that are circulated the! Apps, like how India has banned over 100 chinese apps be a and. Is implemented though impacted groups of internet censorship bans of their platforms accountable for their actions government would strong-arm content into... Under such bad results, the necessary stringent controls are needed by the general public it provides at very. With its own bandwidth limitations, Tor users may experience slowdowns when browsing the web pages may user-generated. Are similar to VPNs in that they hide IP addresses, and learning, a Question 4 from!

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impacted groups of internet censorship

impacted groups of internet censorship